Advanced Battery and Fuel Cell Development for Electric Vehicle

Abstract

It is becoming increasingly difficult for the global automotive industry to decarbonize transportation due to numerous factors, including the rise in greenhouse gas and particulate emissions that affect both the climate and human health, the rapid oil depletion, issues with energy security and dependence from foreign sources, and population growth. Our society has been dependent on oil for more than a century, and substantial advances in low- and ultra-low carbon technology and vehicles are urgently needed. Vehicles powered by fuel cells are gradually displacing cars with internal combustion engines. There is still a long way to go before electric vehicles take over the global automobile market, but today's electric vehicles are nearly entirely powered by lithium-ion batteries. In addition to government backing, widespread use of electric vehicles necessitates the development of high-performance and low-cost energy storage technologies, including batteries and other electrochemical. Here, we present a complete assessment of several batteries and hydrogen fuel cells that have the greatest economic viability.