Friction Stir Welding: Processes and Recent Developments

Abstract

Improved weld integrity, reduced upper-plate thinning, and faster welding speeds are some of the most notable outcomes of recent advances in friction-stir welding tool and process improvements. Induction heat, laser heat, resistance heat, arc heat, radiation, and ultrasonic vibrations are all forms of external energy. When using energy-assisted FSW, significant benefits such as extended process window, improved process parameters and mechanical properties, reduced load and tool wear have been observed. Because of its efficiency and sustainability, friction stir welding (FSW) has a wide range of applications in a variety of industries. Furthermore, the development attempted to address the issue of non-uniformity in temperature distribution in weld zone pinholes left over from the welding process in FSW.  More effort should be put into modelling the FSW process. At the moment, the available models make several dubious assumptions. Finally, efforts have been made to forecast FSW's future and provide some guidance for future developments. Friction Stir Welding Processes and Recent Developments will be discussed in this paper.